Please study Causes of the 1917 Russian Revolution:
The Czar's resistance to change
The toll of wars
Rising cost of living
Limited access to land
Bloody Sunday
Women's Battalion of Death
etc
Also examine the:
ReplyDelete--Provisional Government: role and failure
--Bolsheviks: ideology/principles
--Bolshevik revolution
--Bolsheviks' consolidation of power tactics
--Russian society after the fall of the Tsar:
better or worse?
What Was The Bolshevik Revolution?
ReplyDeleteThe Bolshevik Revolution was the overthrow of the Russian government, which took place in the fall of 1917. The Bolsheviks were an extremist faction within the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party (later renamed the Russian Communist Party) who seized control of the government and ushered in the Soviet age.
The Bolshevik Revolution is also known as the October Revolution because, according to the old Russian calendar (in use until 1918), the government overthrow happened on October 25.
The Bolshevik Revolution was the culmination of events in 1917. Russia had entered World War I (1914–18) in 1914, and by 1917 the country was facing hardships, including shortages of food and fuel. The people had lost faith in the war effort; they were no longer willing to send young men into battle only to be killed.
In the Russian capital of Petrograd (known as St. Petersburg until 1914), workers had staged a strike and rioting broke out. In the chaos called the March Revolution, Czar (Emperor) Nicholas II (1868–1918) ordered the Duma, the legislative body, to disband. Ignoring his command, the representatives set up a provisional (temporary) government. Now that he had no political power, Nicholas abdicated (voluntarily stepped down from) the throne on March 15. He and his family were imprisoned and are believed to have been killed in July 1918.
Hearing of Nicholas's abdication, longtime political exile (one who has been forced to leave his country) Vladimir Lenin (1870–1924) left Europe for Petrograd, where he led the Bolsheviks in rallying the Russian people. The Bolshevik message was peace, land reform, and worker empowerment, expressed in the slogan "Land, Peace, and Bread."
The temporary government headed by revolutionary Alexander Kerensky (1881–1970) tried to curb the influence of the Bolsheviks. Nevertheless, the group continued to grow and became even more radical. Kerensky's government failed to meet the people's demands and could not end Russia's involvement in World War I, which was not supported by the Bolsheviks.
On November 7, the Bolsheviks led workers and disgruntled soldiers and sailors in a takeover of the Winter Palace in Petrograd, now the headquarters of Kerensky's provisional government. By the next day the provisional government had fallen and the Bolsheviks were in power.
Further Information: "Bolshevik Revolution Turns 80, Shows Its Age." CNN.com. [Online] Available http://www.cnn.com/WORLD/9711/07/russia/, October 25, 2000; Carr, Edward Hallett. The Bolshevik Revolution, 1917-1923, Vol. 1. New York: Norton, 1985; The Provisional Government and the Bolshevik Revolution. [Online] Available
Family and Hitler’s Nazism
ReplyDeleteNazism was a brand of fascism it assaulted the liberal democratic tradition in the west. According to this doctrine the political order should be dominated by a single party headed by a dictatorial leader who appealed to the masses.
HITLER ASSUMED ABSOLUTE POWER
Hitler’s regime went from 2.9% in 1928 to a staggering 18.3 in 1930, Hitler power and influence was climbing because he seemed to respond to the plight of the people. Sherman and Salisbury however noted that some people never really supported Hitler’s Nazism ideology, but of two evils, in their minds, Hitler’s regime was the better to vote for, not because of his ideology but because of the party’s ability to make promises and then deliver. IN 1934 after Hindenburg’s death, Hitler became sole leader of Germany and began radical restructuring, the entire family structure was about to acknowledge Hitler’s dream of a classless society where all are equals.
RESTRUCTURING OF THE FAMILY
Adolf was anti Semitic and racist, he believed that his Aryan race should be the superior race. To accomplish this Hitler narrowed his attention to the family, as the answer to his vision of racial supremacy, He Felt That His Power To Rule And Control Derived From The Family. Consequently, Hitler began sending psychological signals to the society of Germans. He did the following:
1) He ordered all pictures of families with two children to be taken down
2) Hitler then awarded families who had more than 2 children
i) 4 children =bronze medal
ii) 6 children =silver
iii) 8 children =gold
This idea of advocating large families highlights what functionalist Talcott Parsons saw as a key function in any stable family; procreation. Hitler wanted to ensure Aryan race supremacy so radically that he encouraged sexual relations outside marriage with strong Aryan genes so that the Aryan genes may be perpetuated.
HITLER CREATED PELLUCID DISTINCTIONS BETWEEN GENDER ROLES IN THE FAMILY.
ReplyDeleteAccording to Sherman and Salisbury, the men were to be loyal fearless German soldiers and the female were perfect compliments as subordinates who master the duties of home management and procreation.
Hitler also manipulated what Rostow, in the study of deviance called the ‘goal of success.’
Hitler was quoted as saying “ i don’t want an intellectual education for boys, the must learn in the face of the most difficult trials to conquer the fear of death for my sake” Hitler channeled every male mind to think that I am a man and a successful one at that if I can brave death and fight for Hitler. The women were taught to think that I am a successful woman if I conceive children for my husband and beckon to his every call.
Hitler made academic aspiration a secondary and somewhat in significant achievement.
Analysis
Hitler understood Emilee Durkheim’s statement of the family being the cornerstone of the society and so he endeavored to plan his ideology there, at the base of society where the young minds are pliable and impressionable that his ideology might be law.
Hitler hated Marxism, but he substantiates their theories in many ways.
i) Hitler tries to create a working force out of the family, so his army would indefinitely be replenished
ii) Hitler advocated rapid procreation that his race may be supreme and become the ruling class
iii) Hitler creates false class conciseness when he changed the goal of success, championing men to war and women to subordination.
iv) Hitler alienated the masses from education or In many cases filters the education to control the minds of the people.
In conclusion, Hitler restructured the family by creating sharp distinctions and limitations in gender roles, advocating large scale families, changing aspirations of the children within the family and making education of low priority among the masses so to nurture his ideology of Nazism.